Entity Characteristics | Sole Proprietorship | Partnership | LLC | S-Corp | C-Corp |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Requirements for Creation | No state permission requirements | Parties must agree to form partnership. No state permission requirements | Must file with state for creation | Must file with state for creation | Must file with state for creation |
Life of Entity | Life of sole proprietor | Death of partner causes dissolution | Generally a fixed period (usually 30 years) | Unlimited | Unlimited |
Liability to Parties Involved | Unlimited liability for sole proprietor | Unlimited liabilitiy for partners | LLC members not personally liable for company debts | Shareholders not personally liable for corporate debts | Shareholders not personally liable for corporate debts |
Formal Requirements for Operation | Few legal requirements | Few legal requirements | Some requirements, but less than corporations | Board of directors, officers, annual meetings, and annual reports | Shareholders not personally liable for corporate debts.directors, officers, annual meetings, and annual reports. Board of directors, officers, annual meetings, and annual reports |
Entity Management Characteristics | Sole proprietor is the manager and operator | Partners generally have equal voice | Members agree to the form of management by either members or hired management | Managed by the officers and the board of directors, the directors being elected by the shareholders, and the officers being appointed by the directors | Managed by the officers and the board of directors, the directors being elected by the shareholders, and the officers being appointed by the directors |
Taxation Issues | There is no taxable entity. The sole proprietor pays taxes in the form of income taxes | Partners pay taxes on their share of the income and deduct losses against other sources of income | Can elect taxation method. For example, can be taxed as a corporation or can elect to have no company tax liability | Corporation has no tax liability. Taxes are paid on an individual income tax level by the shareholders when profits are passed | Corporation is taxed as well as are the individual shareholders when corporate profits are passed in the form of dividends (this is known as double-taxation). |
Taxation Method | Income tax on proprietor | Income tax on partner's share of partnership income | Can elect taxation method. Generally no tax at the company level | Generally no tax at the company level | Profits subject to double-taxation |
Cost of Entity Formation | None | None | State filing fees | State filing fees | State filing fees |
Interest Transfer Issues | Individual may sell | Addition of partners or additional sale of partnership interests to existing partners | Sale of member interests may take place subject to company policy | Shares of stock may be sold to raise capital, subject to federal and state securities laws | Shares of stock may be sold to raise capital, subject to federal and state securities laws. |
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